Used Hüffermann Silo Trailers for sale (84)

Condition: used, empty load weight: 4,000 kg, maximum load weight: 14,000 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 02/1999, next inspection (TÜV): 05/2026, suspension: air, tire size: 385/65R22.5, color: grey, mileage: 1,001 km, gearing type: other, driver cabin: other, Equipment: ABS, Vehicle location: Bovenden. 2 axles, BPW axles, MB axles (disc brakes), turntable, air suspension, ABS (anti-lock braking system), container locking, underride guard, side aluminum underrun protection. Body: Roll-off trailer for containers up to 7m, 50mm towing eye, 2x 9t MB axles, disc brakes, 2x pneumatic container locks! On request and for an additional charge of €900 (net), a towing drawbar with a 40mm towing eye can also be supplied. Iaedpfx Ajyxw Snsh Rju Approx. €5,000 have been invested in service and maintenance in recent years! ACCESSORY INFORMATION WITHOUT GUARANTEE. Subject to changes, prior sale, and errors!

Condition: used, empty load weight: 3,258 kg, maximum load weight: 14,742 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 12/2017, suspension: air, tire size: 265/70R19.5, color: black, mileage: 1,001 km, gearing type: other, driver cabin: other, Equipment: ABS, Vehicle location: Bovenden, 2 axles, SAF axles, turntable, air suspension, ABS (Anti-lock Braking System), container lock, sliding sled, U-guard, side aluminium underrun protection, twin tires, storage box. Body: Sliding-frame trailer for containers up to 7m, 2x 10t SAF axles, 2x pneumatic locks, disc brakes. Spare wheel available at extra cost! ACCESSORY INFORMATION WITHOUT GUARANTEE, subject to change, prior sale, and errors excepted! Iodpfx Ahoy Ig Epe Roau

Condition: used, empty load weight: 3,310 kg, maximum load weight: 14,690 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 09/1990, suspension: steel, tire size: 9,5R17.5, color: black, mileage: 1,001 km, gearing type: other, driver cabin: other, Vehicle location: Bovenden, central lubrication system, 2-axle, BPW axles, turntable, leaf suspension, sled, U-protection, lateral aluminum wheel guards, twin tyres, storage box Body: 2-axle sled roll-off trailer for containers up to 7 m, 2x BPW axles, drum brakes. ACCESSORIES WITHOUT WARRANTY, subject to alterations, prior sale and errors excepted! Iajdpfsrmmy Hex Ah Reu - .

Condition: used, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 08/2011, Equipment: ABS,

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 14,172 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 02/2015, next inspection (TÜV): 11/2025, loading space length: 6,300 mm, loading space width: 2,280 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, Equipment: ABS, Hüffermann Hooklift Trailer HAR 18.63 2-AXLE ROLL CARRIER TRAILER Permissible gross weight: 18,000 kg Empty weight: 3,828 kg Payload: 14,172 kg Axles: 2 BPW axles (Bergische Achsen) Ijdpfx Asxfxhnoh Rsau Knorr braking system Leaf suspension drum brakes Mud flaps on all axles Side underrun protection right and left Rear underrun protection 1x reversing spotlight rear right ABS EBS Air coupling heads (red + yellow) 2x 7-pin connector plugs Loading area (LxW): approx. 6,300 x 2,290 mm Container support height (in driving position): approx. 1,300 mm External dimensions (LxW): approx. 9,200 x 2,550 mm Length without drawbar: approx. 6,700 mm 2x container locks (swiveling stops) for different container lengths Load securing system with pneumatic low-tension lock with 4 claws 40 mm towing eye Spare wheel holder incl. spare wheel Wheelbase: 4,730 mm Tyres: 385/65R22.5 Tread depth front left: 12 mm Tread depth rear left: 14 mm Tread depth front right: 11 mm Tread depth rear right: 11 mm

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 14,250 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 12/2006, loading space length: 6,300 mm, loading space width: 2,180 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, Equipment: ABS, Hüffermann Roll-Off Trailer HAR 18.65 2-AXLE ROLL-OFF TRAILER Chassis for rear loading, Maximum Gross vehicle weight: 18,000 kg Weight: 3,750 kg Payload: 14,250 kg Axles: 2 BPW Bergische axles Isdswkbqxepfx Ah Rjau Air suspension Drum brakes Mud flaps on all axles Underrun protection on the right and left sides Underrun protection at the rear ABS EBS Duomatic quick coupling Loading area: approx. 6,300 x 2,180 mm Container contact height (in driving position) approx. 1,360 mm External dimensions: approx. 9,200 x 2,550 mm Length without drawbar/drawbar: 6,580 mm Load securing with pneumatic low-tension locking system with 4 claws Air suspension without lifting and Lowering device, Automatic lowering device, trailer is automatically lowered when the air supply is disconnected from the truck, 40 mm towing eye, Spare wheel holder, Tires 385/65R22.5, Tread depth front left: 14 mm, Tread depth rear left: 13 mm, Tread depth front right: 14 mm, Tread depth rear right: 13 mm, Draw bar slightly bent

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 14,172 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 11/2014, next inspection (TÜV): 11/2025, loading space length: 6,300 mm, loading space width: 2,290 mm, total width: 2,550 mm, total height: 1,340 mm, Equipment: ABS, Hüffermann Roll-Off Trailer HAR 18.63 P 2-AXLE ROLL-CARRIER TRAILER Permissible total weight: 18,000 kg Tare weight: 3,828 kg Payload: 14,172 kg Axles: 2 BPW Bergische Achsen axles Knorr braking system Leaf suspension Drum brakes Mudflaps on all axles Side underrun protection on right and left Rear underrun protection ABS EBS Air connection coupling head (red + yellow) 2x 7-pin connector sockets Loading area (LxW): approx. 6,300 x 2,290 mm Iodoxfxhhepfx Ah Rjau Container bearing height (in driving position): approx. 1,300 mm External dimensions (LxW): approx. 9,200 x 2,550 mm Length without drawbar/tow bar: approx. 6,700 mm 2x container stops (swivelling stops) for different container lengths Load securing with pneumatic low-tension lock with 4 claws 40 mm drawbar eye Spare wheel holder incl. spare wheel Wheelbase: 4,730 mm Tyres: 385/65R22.5 Tread depth front left tyre: 10 mm Tread depth rear left tyre: 9 mm Tread depth front right tyre: 16 mm Tread depth rear right tyre: 16 mm

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 14,950 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 04/1994, Equipment: ABS, Tires 265/70 R19.5 Twin tires Leaf-sprung BPW axles Iaedpfxeu Dd I Eo Ah Reu Aluminum underride guard

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 19,180 kg, overall weight: 24,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 03/2011, next inspection (TÜV): 06/2023, 3-axle skip trailer for 2 containers Hüffermann HMA 2424 Iodpfeu Dd Tzox Ah Rjau Payload 19.180 kg Tires 385/65 R 22.5 BPW axles Leaf suspension Drum brakes Side collision protection Underride guard

Condition: new, maximum load weight: 14,826 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, loading space length: 7,000 mm, Year of construction: 2026, Equipment: ABS, 2-axle 18 t Hüffermann skid roll-off trailer "NEW" Type HSA 3 / 20.71 ZB 'Sliding Carrier' for roll-off container lengths from 5.0 m up to max. 7.0 m, SAF axles 2x 10,000 kg air-suspended with automatic lowering when uncoupling the brake, Wabco braking system, ABS, disc brakes with electronic brake and stability system EBS-E and RSS (significantly reduces the risk of vehicle rollover, reduced brake pad wear), load detection/axle load display via EBS CAN bus signal for display in the driver's cab (truck must be suitably equipped), tire pressure monitoring system according to ECE regulation 141, automatic slack adjusters, certified load securing through four pneumatic locking systems, side protection device in anodised and closed design, V-drawbar approx. 2600 mm long, 40 mm towing eye, tool box 600 x 500 x 500 mm, tires 265/70 R 19.5 // 8 units, Hella modular lights partially in LED, flashing LED side marker lights, additionally 2 pcs. LED reversing lights, front and rear LED position lights, A-plate and ADR board foldable, contour markings white on sides, yellow on rear, underrun protection with ram buffer and rear apron, 15-pin power supply, duomatic coupling head, painted in RAL colour DB 7350 Novagrau, silver rims, axles in black KTL coating, attachments hot-dip galvanized, gross weight 18,000 kg, technically possible up to 20,000 kg, new vehicle, immediately available from stock Bünde, without first registration incl. manufacturer's warranty, sale only to business customers! All information provided without guarantee! Subject to errors and prior sale! Ijdpsyk N A Isfx Ah Reau

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 14,826 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 05/2026, loading space length: 7,000 mm, Year of construction: 2026, Equipment: ABS, 2-axle 18 t Hüffermann Skid Roll-off Trailer "NEW" Type HSA 3 / 20.71 ZB "Skid Carrier" for roll-off container lengths from 5.0 m up to max. 7.0 m, equipped with 2 x 10,000 kg SAF axles, air suspension with automatic lowering when the brake is disconnected, Wabco braking system, ABS, disc brakes with electronic braking and stability system EBS-E and RSS (Significantly reduces the risk of vehicle rollover, reduced brake pad wear), Load recognition/axle load display via EBS CAN bus signal for display in the driver's cabin (corresponding truck preparation required), Tire pressure monitoring system according to ECE regulation 141, automatic slack adjusters, certified load securing through four pneumatic locks, side underrun protection in anodized and enclosed version, V-drawbar approx. 2,600 mm long, 40 mm eye, tool storage box 600 x 500 x 500 mm, 265/70 R 19.5 tires // 8-fold, Hella modular lights partly LED, flashing LED side marker lights, additional 2 LED reversing spotlights, LED position lights front and rear, folding A-board and ADR sign, contour markings: white on the side, yellow at the rear, underrun protection with collision buffer and rear apron, 15-pin power supply, Duomatic coupling head, painted in RAL color DB 7350 Novagrau, silver rims, axles black KTL-coated, add-on parts hot-dip galvanized, gross weight 18,000 kg, technically possible 20,000 kg, new vehicle, immediately available from stock Bünde, without first registration incl. manufacturer's warranty, sale only to business customers! All information without guarantee! Subject to errors and prior sale! Isdpfx Ahoyk N Azj Roau

Condition: used, overall weight: 18,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 01/2008, Visit our website, where you will find our complete stock with many more photos and information in several languages. SEL 8546 Hüffermann HAR 18.65 German registration / 1st owner Date of first registration: 28.01.2008 Technically permissible total weight (kg): 18,000 Permissible total weight (kg): 18,000 Unladen weight (kg): 3,760 VIN: W09HAR18658H15191 Next inspection: 07.2026 TIRES AND AXLES: Tires: 385/65 R 22.5 Air suspension Disc brakes Iaodpfozbpn Sex Ah Reu VEHICLE DOCUMENTS: Registration certificate (Schein) Vehicle registration document (Brief) Data confirmation M. BUFANO m. (Italian, English, German) J. CORDEIRO j. (Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, English) J. MARJANOVIC j. (German, Bosnian) L. OBODYNSKA Ukrainian/?????, Russian/??-?????) We speak: GERMAN, ENGLISH, ITALIAN, SPANISH, PORTUGUESE, UKRAINIAN, RUSSIAN, POLISH, BOSNIAN Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information, we cannot guarantee the absence of errors or omissions. We kindly ask our customers to consult the available photos. The dimensions given are approximate values. Our vehicles are sold in the condition they are in. We invite customers to visit our company to personally inspect the vehicle's condition. In addition, we offer the opportunity for a test drive. It is important to note that the batteries delivered with the vehicle are the ones currently installed. If the customer desires new batteries, we are available to provide pricing information.

Condition: used, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 06/2008, Year of construction: 2008, Equipment: ABS, = Additional options and accessories = - Central lubrication = More information = Weights Iaedpfx Aoypiy Deh Reu Empty weight: 3.400 kg Carrying capacity: 14.600 kg GVW: 18.000 kg Other information Tyre size on axle 1: 265/70R19,5 Tyre tread remainder on axle 1: 60% Brake type on axle 1: drum Make of axle 1: SAF Suspension on axle 1: air Tyre size on axle 2: 265/70R19,5 Tyre tread remainder on axle 2: 60% Brake type on axle 2: drum Make of axle 2: SAF Suspension on axle 2: air Brake type on axle rear: drum Make of axle rear: SAF Suspension on axle rear: air

Condition: used, empty load weight: 3,543 kg, maximum load weight: 14,457 kg, overall weight: 18,000 kg, first registration: 09/2006, next inspection (TÜV): 10/2020, suspension: other, tire size: 265/70R19,5 154/141J, color: other, gearing type: other, front tire size: 265/70R19,5 154/141J, rear tire size: 265/70R19,5 154/141J, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, Sales contact: Frank Rau / Russian / English / German - Bachar Ibrahim / Arabic / English / German - Registration service, roadworthiness/inspection/UVV, transportation to port Grey-black, payload (kg): 14,457, HSN/TSN: 6166/001 Subject to errors and omissions. Iajdpoww Dyijfx Ah Rsu

Condition: new, maximum load weight: 10,490 kg, overall weight: 13,000 kg, axle configuration: 2 axles, loading space length: 4,000 mm, loading space width: 2,550 mm, loading space height: 1,030 mm, loading space volume: 20 m³, total width: 2,550 mm, total height: 1,030 mm, Year of construction: 2025, Equipment: ABS, WhatsApp: AXLE - CENTRAL AXLE MINI CARRIER TRAILER - "HÜFFERMANN" Cargo: - For the transportation of skip containers according to DIN 30720 Weights: - Gross permissible weight: 13 t - Technical gross weight: 13 t with a support load of 1 t Dimensions: - Frame length approx. 4,000 mm, suitable for a skip container up to 20 m3 - Maximum width: 2,550 mm - Container mounting height: approx. 1,030 mm Frame: - Type HTM-3 1340 with Safetyfix brackets, single tires - Welded steel frame structure made of high-strength steel - Chassis for front and rear loading skip containers - Combined load securing, with side Centerfix, Isdpfx Ahoxq Idpo Rjau - Front: one pair of insertable chocks with pendulum shoes - Prepared for chainless load securing system "Multifix" and chain tensioning system "Safetyfix" - No frame covering - 2 pairs of bolted 6.3t lashing rings on the outer frame - Skip container securing Safetyfix for one skip container - 2 manual lever lashing devices with ratchet function - Length-adjustable chain slings with a ring eye for diagonal lashing of the skip container through the rear container mounting eye - 2 galvanized steel sheet storage boxes for lashing chains - Short drawbar with bolted 40 mm towing eye, rescrewable/height adjustable +/- 200 mm, for front and rear loading Support Equipment: - 1 mechanical steel support jack with hand crank, operated from the left side - 1 drop-down support at the rear of the frame Axles: - 2 SAF axles with drum brakes, S-cam brake 300/150 mm, load capacity 6.5 t/axle, single tires, automatic brake slack adjusters - Axle distance: 1,260 mm - 4 tires: 285/70 R 19.5, 143M, make: CONTINENTAL - Steel rims 8.25 x 19.5, zero offset, silver Brake System/Suspension: - Braking system according to EU Directive 71/320 or ECE R13 - Dual-line compressed air braking system - EBS system 2S2M, 2nd axle equipped with sensors, make: KNORR - Electronic brake and stability system EBS-E and RSS or TEBS G2 and RSP - Spring-actuated parking brake on 2nd axle - Steel air tanks - Brake/air connecting hoses with EU or Duomatic quick couplings - EBS/ABS connection cable - Holder for EBS and electrical connectors on the towing device - Air suspension with lifting and lowering function - Automatic leveling to programmed driving height above 15 km/h Assistance/Safety Systems: - SWIT - Schwarzmüller Intelligent Telematics - Weight detection/axle load display via EBS CAN bus signal for display in the driver's cab (truck must be appropriately configured, not a calibrated scale) - Tire pressure monitoring per ECE Directive 141 Lighting/Electrics: - 24-volt lighting system according to EU Directive 76/756/EEC - 2 partial LED module tail lights, HELLA - 2 LED position lights at the front - 2 LED contour lights at the rear - Flashing LED side marker lights, controlled by turn signal - LED license plate light - 1 x 15-pin connector - 2 additional LED reversing lights, left/right Coating: - Machine blasted, arc galvanized, epoxy primer, - Painted with 2K top coat using the electrostatic method - Areas with double material or transition seams conserved with cavity wax - Chassis, drawbar/draw tube = RAL 7021 black grey - Load securing elements = RAL 1003 signal yellow - Underrun protection = galvanized - Side impact protection = anodized - Plastic parts black, unpainted - Powder coated attachments black - Hot-dip galvanized attachments unpainted Labeling: # Not legally required for vehicles un

Condition: used, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 03/2006, Year of construction: 2006, Equipment: ABS, = Additional options and accessories = - EBS Ijdsxt R T Espfx Ah Rjau = More information = Empty weight: 5.550 kg Carrying capacity: 18.450 kg GVW: 24.000 kg Selling price: € 7.500, US$ 8.736 Tyre tread remainder on axle rear: 60% Make of axle rear: BPW Suspension on axle rear: air

Condition: used, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 04/2007, Year of construction: 2007, Equipment: ABS, = Additional options and accessories = - EBS = More information = Empty weight: 3.270 kg Carrying capacity: 14.730 kg GVW: 18.000 kg Selling price: € 3.500, US$ 4.077 Tyre tread remainder on axle rear: 60% Suspension on axle rear: air Iaedpfx Ahsxt Thxe Rou Purchase on credit is possible: Yes

Condition: used, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 06/2006, Year of construction: 2006, Equipment: ABS, = Additional options and accessories = Ijdpfx Aoxt Sqxeh Roau - EBS = More information = Empty weight: 3.053 kg Carrying capacity: 14.950 kg GVW: 18.000 kg Selling price: € 4.500, US$ 5.242 Tyre tread remainder on axle rear: 60% Suspension on axle rear: air Sweeper body brand: Containertransport Purchase on credit is possible: Yes

Condition: used, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 04/2007, Year of construction: 2007, Equipment: ABS, = Additional options and accessories = - EBS = More information = Empty weight: 270 kg Carrying capacity: 17.730 kg GVW: 18.000 kg Selling price: € 3.500, US$ 4.077 Iasdpext Stmjfx Ah Reu Tyre tread remainder on axle rear: 60% Suspension on axle rear: air

Condition: used, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 02/2003, Year of construction: 2003, Equipment: ABS, = Additional options and accessories = - EBS Iodpoxt S Ecjfx Ah Rsau = More information = Empty weight: 4.500 kg Carrying capacity: 13.500 kg GVW: 18.000 kg Selling price: € 3.500, US$ 4.077 Tyre tread remainder on axle rear: 60% Suspension on axle rear: air Purchase on credit is possible: Yes

Condition: used, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 11/2003, color: black, Year of construction: 2003, Equipment: ABS, = Additional options and accessories = - EBS = More information = Empty weight: 4.007 kg Carrying capacity: 13.990 kg GVW: 18.000 kg Selling price: € 2.599, US$ 3.027 Ijdpfoxt Sndsx Ah Rsau Purchase on credit is possible: Yes

Condition: used, axle configuration: 2 axles, first registration: 12/2000, Year of construction: 2000, Equipment: ABS, = Additional options and accessories = - EBS = More information = GVW: 18.000 kg Selling price: € 3.000, US$ 3.494 Purchase on credit is possible: Yes Iasdpfxjxt Trko Ah Reu

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2021, Available for immediate delivery EXW 27793 Wildeshausen ABS, EBS, RSP, automatic suspension system, 2x 10-ton axles (SAF), disc brakes, air suspension, release valve on the front axle, two pneumatic locks, closed plastic storage box, fixed underrun protection, rear apron on the underrun protection, impact buffer at the rear, foldable A-frame sign, modular lights with partial LED technology (Hella), 15-pole power supply, Duomatic coupling head, container length: 5,500 mm - 7,000 mm (depending on model). Hüffermann Crane Service: we buy and sell, we rent, we repair. Roll-off trailers, roll-off dump trucks, refuse collection vehicles, truck cranes, and aerial work platforms… Contact us! Iodpfsy Txh Tox Ah Rsau Offer subject to change, without guarantee. Subject to prior sale. The purchase agreement is only concluded upon receipt of payment. The vehicle remains our property until full payment is received. We only accept payments in Euro without any additional costs for the seller and only via bank transfer. No checks.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, first registration: 02/2022, Year of construction: 2021, Equipment: ABS, ABS, EBS, 2x 10-ton axles (SAF), disc brakes, air suspension, axle load display via EBS CAN bus signal for display on the dashboard (truck must be pre-equipped / no calibrated scale required), partial LED module lights (Hella), release valve on the front axle, spring-loaded brake on the rear axle, open side protection, storage box, one access ladder with platform on each side, fixed underrun protection, rear apron on the underrun protection, rear impact buffer, folding A-sign, closed floor made of steel tread plate 5/7mm, combined load securing system with centering and fixing on the sides, one pair of jacking plates with pivoting shoes on the front side, Safety-Fix (manual ratchet system) for one skip loader container, one pair of lashing points for stacked skip loader containers, equipment for the transport of mini skip loader containers, hot-dip galvanized chassis, top coat light gray (RAL7035), central lubrication strip for the slewing ring. Duomatic coupling head / 15-pole electrical connection Y-shaped drawbar 2,600 mm (40 mm) / for 1 x up to 20 cbm skip loader containers Iodpfx Asy Tvu Reh Roau ATTENTION: Weight reduction to 12,000 kg Available short-term EXW 27793 Wildeshausen, Germany

Condition: used, maximum load weight: 20,336 kg, overall weight: 28,000 kg, axle configuration: 3 axles, first registration: 01/2009, loading space length: 8,800 mm, loading space width: 2,500 mm, loading space height: 600 mm, Year of construction: 2009, WhatsApp: _____ Hüffermann HPA 24.88 / Multifunctional turntable trailer / Air suspension ? Manufacturer: Hüffermann ? Type: HPA 24.88 ? Year of construction: 01/2009 ? Air-to-air suspension ? Loading area dimensions: Length: 8.80 m x Width: 2.50 m ? Loading platform height: 0.60 m ? Telescopic, manually adjustable, and removable supports for long materials ? Stanchion height 2.90 m above the loading area, removable ? Container/support dimensions: Length: 6 m x Width: 2.30 m ? Turntable design ? Air suspension, manually adjustable ? Hook attachment for ramps ? Multifunctional trailer for: container transport, heavy materials, long materials, construction machinery, etc. ? 40 mm drawbar eye ? Duomatik ? Unladen weight: 7,664 kg ? Payload: 20,336 kg ? Gross weight: 28,000 kg ? German machine ? Immediately ready for use _____ You can also receive the description in another language by email. ? Our services: ? ? - Export declaration, customs registration, yellow temporary license plates, red customs license plates. ? - Purchase of your used construction machinery or commercial vehicle. ? - We will assist you with financing. ? - We offer transport solutions. ? - Inspection and demonstration of the machines from Monday to Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (Saturday by appointment only). ? ? Our pool of machines is constantly changing and is always up-to-date on our website. ? ? ? We are also available by telephone. ? ? Sanisa GmbH ? Otto Hahn Straße 13 ? 35510 Butzbach Iaedpfx Ahoy T Amte Rju ? ? Tel: ? Mobile: ? This offer is non-binding and without obligation. - Subject to prior sale, - Errors and/or typos not excluded. - Sale subject to our general terms and conditions.