Used Skyjack Other Working Platforms for sale (167)

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, machine/vehicle number: 2441308, load capacity: 317 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 9,750 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,302 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 1,880 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, Technical Data Fedpfxjyznivo Afajgg Year of manufacture: 2018 Motor: Electric Working height: 11.75 m Platform height: 9.75 m Platform extension: 1.22 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.24 m Weight: 2,302 kg Load capacity: 317 kg Load capacity with load distribution: 204 kg Driving speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Climbing ability: 25% Fully functional, normal signs of wear

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: 2473648, power: 35.8 kW (48.67 HP), load capacity: 227 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 15,550 mm, platform length: 1,830 mm, platform width: 760 mm, overall weight: 7,300 kg, transport length: 7,250 mm, transport width: 2,290 mm, transport height: 2,070 mm, fuel type: diesel, tire size: 12 x 16,5, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, differential lock, Technical data: Year of manufacture: 2019 Working height: 17.55 m Platform height: 15.55 m Side outreach: 9.03 m Up-and-over clearance: 7.45 m Platform size (L x W): 1.83 x 0.76 m Slew range: 360° Fgsdpfx Afoyykktjajg Basket arm length: 1.52 m Travel speed: 7.7 km/h Load capacity: 227 kg Total weight: 7,300 kg Drive: Diesel 35.8 kW/48 hp Gradeability: 45% Platform rotation: 170° Foam-filled off-road tires All-wheel drive, differential lock, overload sensors, fully functional, normal signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, machine/vehicle number: 2450748, load capacity: 350 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 11,800 mm, platform length: 2,190 mm, platform width: 1,060 mm, overall weight: 2,985 kg, transport length: 2,400 mm, transport width: 1,190 mm, transport height: 2,210 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Technical data Year of manufacture: 2018 Motor: Electric 2WD Working height: 13.80 m Platform height: 11.80 m Platform extension: 0.90 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 2.19 m x 1.06 m Fodju Iu Ikopfx Afaegg Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 2.40 m x 1.19 m x 2.48 m Load capacity: 350 kg Total weight: 2985 kg Gradeability: 25% Turning radius (outside): 2.58 m Travel speed: 1.0 - 3.2 km/h Tyres: Solid rubber Tyre size: 16 x 5 x 12 Fully functional, general signs of use.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: 2425968, load capacity: 227 kg, lifting height: 5,790 mm, platform length: 1,630 mm, platform width: 660 mm, overall weight: 1,312 kg, transport length: 1,780 mm, transport width: 810 mm, transport height: 990 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 12x4x8, color: red, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2019 Engine: Electric Working height: 7.79 m Platform height: 5.79 m Platform extension: 0.91 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 1.63 m x 0.66 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 1.78 m x 0.81 m x 2.10 m Weight: 1,312 kg Max. load capacity: 227 kg Load capacity with weight distribution: 114 kg Travel speed: 1.1 km/h - 3.1 km/h Max. climbing ability: 25% Fully functional Fedpfxeyylu Te Afaegg General used condition Delivery available upon request Rental available upon request

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, machine/vehicle number: 2473958, power: 35.8 kW (48.67 HP), load capacity: 227 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 15,550 mm, platform length: 1,830 mm, platform width: 760 mm, overall weight: 7,300 kg, transport length: 7,250 mm, transport width: 2,290 mm, transport height: 2,070 mm, fuel type: diesel, tire size: 12 x 16,5, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, differential lock, Technical specifications: Year of manufacture: 2020 Working height: 17.55 m Platform height: 15.55 m Lateral reach: 9.03 m Overreach: 7.45 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 1.83 x 0.76 m Turret rotation: 360° Jib length: 1.52 m Travel speed: 7.7 km/h Load capacity: 227 kg Total weight: 7300 kg Drive: Diesel 35.8 kW / 48 hp Gradeability: 45% Platform rotation: 170° Fedpfsyykqgjx Afasgg Foam-filled all-terrain tires Four-wheel drive, differential lock, overload sensors, fully functional, general signs of wear and tear.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, machine/vehicle number: 2473798, power: 35.3 kW (47.99 HP), load capacity: 227 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 14,100 mm, overall weight: 6,500 kg, transport length: 6,500 mm, transport width: 2,290 mm, transport height: 2,070 mm, fuel type: diesel, color: red, Equipment: UVV, all wheel drive, differential lock, Technical specifications: Year of manufacture: 2020 Working height: 16.10 m Platform height: 14.10 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 1.83 x 0.76 m Load capacity: 227 kg Total weight: 6500 kg Drive: Diesel 35.8 kW/48 hp Fjdpfxeyx Tynj Afaegg Climbing ability: 45% Platform rotation: 170° Foam-filled off-road tires All-wheel drive, differential lock, overload sensors, UVV inspection, fully functional, normal signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2021, machine/vehicle number: 2427678, load capacity: 227 kg, lifting height: 5,650 mm, platform length: 1,550 mm, platform width: 660 mm, overall weight: 1,476 kg, transport length: 1,800 mm, transport width: 820 mm, transport height: 1,780 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 12x4x8, color: red, Technical specifications Year of manufacture: 2021 Engine: Electric Working height: 7.65 m Platform height: 5.65 m Fgsdpfxeu D Afpe Afaog Platform extension: 0.91 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 1.55 m x 0.66 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 1.80 m x 0.82 m x 2.13 m Weight: 1,476 kg Max. load capacity: 227 kg Capacity with distributed load: 114 kg Travel speed: 1.1 km/h - 3.1 km/h Max. gradeability: 25% Turning radius (inside): 0 Turning radius (outside): 1.65 m Travel speed: 0.8 - 3.4 km/h Tyre type: solid rubber n/m Tyre size: 12 x 4 x 8 Fully functional General used condition Delivery optional Rental optional

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, machine/vehicle number: 2466438, power: 48 kW (65.26 HP), load capacity: 227 kg, lifting height: 9,000 mm, platform length: 1,170 mm, platform width: 760 mm, overall weight: 5,750 kg, transport length: 5,510 mm, transport width: 1,190 mm, transport height: 2,500 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 22 x 7 x 12, color: red, Technical data Year of manufacture: 2020 Motor: Electric, 48 kW Working height: 11.00 m Platform height: 9.00 m Fjdpfx Afsyh Arujajgg Overreach height: 3.99 m Lateral outreach: 6.26 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 1.17 m x 0.76 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 5.51 m x 1.19 m x 2.50 m Platform rotation: 180° Basket arm length: 1.25 m Load capacity: 227 kg Weight: 5,750 kg Gradeability: 35% Travel speed: 0.64 - 4.8 km/h Typical signs of use, fully functional

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, machine/vehicle number: 2451668, load capacity: 350 kg, lifting height: 11,800 mm, platform length: 2,190 mm, platform width: 1,060 mm, overall weight: 2,985 kg, transport length: 2,400 mm, transport width: 1,190 mm, transport height: 2,210 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2020 Motor: electric, 2WD Working height: 13.80 m Platform height: 11.80 m Platform extension: 0.90 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 2.19 m x 1.06 m Fedjyknh Njpfx Afajgg Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 2.40 m x 1.19 m x 2.48 m Load capacity: 350 kg Total weight: 2,985 kg Gradeability: 25% Turning radius (outside): 2.58 m Travel speed: 1.0 – 3.2 km/h Tyres: solid rubber Tyre size: 16 x 5 x 12 UVV, fully functional, with general signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2021, machine/vehicle number: 2427668, load capacity: 227 kg, lifting height: 5,650 mm, platform length: 1,550 mm, platform width: 660 mm, overall weight: 1,486 kg, transport length: 1,800 mm, transport width: 820 mm, transport height: 1,780 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 12x4x8, color: red, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2021 Engine: Electric Working height: 7.65 m Platform height: 5.65 m Fodpfx Asu D Adrsfaogg Platform extension: 0.91 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 1.55 m x 0.66 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 1.80 m x 0.82 m x 2.13 m Weight: 1,486 kg Max. load capacity: 227 kg Load capacity with weight distribution: 114 kg Travel speed: 1.1 - 3.1 km/h Max. climbing ability: 25% Turning radius (inside): 0 Turning radius (outside): 1.65 m Driving speed: 0.8 - 3.4 km/h Tyre type: solid rubber, non-marking Tyre size: 12 x 4 x 8 Fully functional Overall condition: used Delivery available upon request Rental available upon request

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: 2441768, load capacity: 317 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 9,750 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,302 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 1,880 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2019 Engine: Electric Working height: 11.75 m Platform height: 9.75 m Platform extension: 1.22 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.24 m Weight: 2,302 kg Fgedpfx Aeyznqmjfaeg Capacity: 317 kg Capacity with load distribution: 204 kg Travel speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Gradeability: 25% Fully functional, general signs of use.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, machine/vehicle number: 2441228, load capacity: 317 kg, lifting height: 9,750 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,302 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 1,880 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Equipment: UVV, all wheel drive, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2018 Motor: Electric Working height: 11.75 m Platform height: 9.75 m Platform extension: 1.22 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.24 m Weight: 2,302 kg Load capacity: 317 kg Fgodjylv H Aspfx Afaeg Load capacity with load distribution: 204 kg Driving speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Climbing ability: 25% Fully functional, normal signs of wear

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2495848, Year of construction: 2018, load capacity: 227 kg, lifting height: 3,650 mm, fuel type: electric, turning radius (outer): 1,400 mm, overall weight: 864 kg, color: red, tire size: 12x4x8, platform length: 850 mm, platform width: 690 mm, transport length: 1,370 mm, transport width: 770 mm, transport height: 1,790 mm, Equipment: UVV, Technical data Year of manufacture: 2018 Working height: 5.65 m Platform height: 3.65 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 0.85 m x 0.69 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 1.37 m x 0.77 m x 1.79 m Load capacity: 227 kg Total weight: 864 kg Drive: 24V DC power supply Climbing ability: 30% Turning radius (outside): 1.40 m Travel speed: 0.80 - 4.0 km/h Tyres: solid rubber Fgodpoyx Spbsfx Afaeg UVV, fully functional, typical signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2020, machine/vehicle number: 2442788, load capacity: 318 kg, lifting height: 9,650 mm, platform length: 2,110 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,571 kg, transport length: 2,320 mm, transport width: 1,190 mm, transport height: 1,990 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Equipment: UVV, all wheel drive, Technical data Year of manufacture: 2020 Engine: Electric Working height: 11.65 m Platform height: 9.65 m Fodpfx Afsyi Tthoaegg Platform extension: 1.22 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.11 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.32 x 1.19 x 2.39 m Weight: 2,571 kg Load capacity: 318 kg Capacity with load distribution: 205 kg Travel speed: 1.0 - 2.9 km/h Gradeability: 25% Fully functional, general signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2021, machine/vehicle number: 2427718, load capacity: 227 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 5,650 mm, platform length: 1,550 mm, platform width: 660 mm, overall weight: 1,476 kg, transport length: 1,800 mm, transport width: 820 mm, transport height: 1,780 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 12x4x8, color: red, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2021 Engine: Electric Working height: 7.65 m Platform height: 5.65 m Platform extension: 0.91 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 1.55 m x 0.66 m Fgsdpfxszlyupe Afasg Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 1.80 m x 0.82 m x 2.13 m Weight: 1,476 kg Max. load capacity: 227 kg Load capacity with distributed load: 114 kg Travel speed: 1.1 km/h – 3.1 km/h Max. gradeability: 25% Turning radius (inside): 0 Turning radius (outside): 1.65 m Travel speed: 0.8 – 3.4 km/h Tyre type: solid, non-marking Tyre size: 12 x 4 x 8 Fully functional General used condition Delivery available on request Rental available on request

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: 2436198, load capacity: 227 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 7,920 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 710 mm, overall weight: 1,890 kg, transport length: 2,320 mm, transport width: 840 mm, transport height: 1,910 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16 x 5 x 12, color: red, Equipment: UVV, all wheel drive, Technical Specifications Year of manufacture: 2019 Drive: Electric Working height: 9.92 m Platform height: 7.92 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 2.13 m x 0.71 m Platform extension: 0.91 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 2.32 m x 0.84 m x 1.91 m Weight: 1890 kg Max. load capacity: 227 kg Max. gradeability: 30% Travel speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Tyres: Solid rubber Fjdpfxsyyv Nns Afajgg Optional delivery possible Optional rental possible Fully functional, general used condition

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, machine/vehicle number: 2435568, load capacity: 454 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 7,920 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,170 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 1,790 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16 x 5 x 12, color: red, Technical data Year of manufacture: 2018 Motor: electric Working height: 9.92 m Platform height: 7.92 m Fgedpfx Afsu Hx Tneasg Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.15 m Platform extension: 1.22 m Climbing ability: 30% Load capacity: 454 kg Load capacity with uniform load distribution: 318 kg Weight: 2,170 kg Travel speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Fully functional, general signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, machine/vehicle number: 2435578, load capacity: 454 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 7,920 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 1,070 mm, overall weight: 2,170 kg, transport length: 2,310 mm, transport width: 1,170 mm, transport height: 1,790 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16 x 5 x 12, color: red, Technical data Year of manufacture: 2018 Motor: electric Working height: 9.92 m Fodpeu Hx Ufofx Afasgg Platform height: 7.92 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 2.13 x 1.07 m Overall dimensions (LxWxH): 2.31 x 1.17 x 2.15 m Platform extension: 1.22 m Climbing ability: 30% Load capacity: 454 kg Load capacity with uniform load distribution: 318 kg Weight: 2,170 kg Travel speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Fully functional, general signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, machine/vehicle number: 2435618, load capacity: 227 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 7,920 mm, platform length: 2,130 mm, platform width: 710 mm, overall weight: 1,890 kg, transport length: 2,320 mm, transport width: 840 mm, transport height: 1,910 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16 x 5 x 12, color: red, Technical data Year of manufacture: 2018 Engine: Electric Working height: 9.92 m Platform height: 7.92 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 2.13 m x 0.71 m Platform extension: 0.91 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 2.32 m x 0.84 m x 2.15 m Weight: 1890 kg Fpjbn N Uju E Ty Tsr N Hec Fjdpfeu Hilzox Afajgg Max. load capacity: 227 kg Max. gradeability: 30% Travel speed: 1.1 - 3.2 km/h Delivery optional Rental optional Fully operational, generally used condition

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: 2496028, load capacity: 227 kg, lifting height: 3,650 mm, platform length: 850 mm, platform width: 690 mm, overall weight: 864 kg, fuel type: electric, tire size: 12x4x8, color: red, transport length: 1,370 mm, transport width: 770 mm, transport height: 1,790 mm, Equipment: UVV, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2019 Working height: 5.65 m Platform height: 3.65 m Fgsdpfxjxg Aqij Afaeg Platform dimensions (L x W): 0.85 m x 0.69 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 1.37 m x 0.77 m x 1.79 m Payload capacity: 227 kg Total weight: 864 kg Drive: 24V DC power supply Gradeability: 30% Turning radius (outside): 1.40 m Travel speed: 0.80 - 4.0 km/h Tyres: solid rubber UVV safety inspection, fully functional, general signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: 2451338, load capacity: 350 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 11,800 mm, platform length: 2,190 mm, platform width: 1,060 mm, overall weight: 2,985 kg, transport length: 2,400 mm, transport width: 1,190 mm, transport height: 2,210 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 16x5x12, color: red, Equipment: all wheel drive, Technical Data Year of manufacture: 2019 Engine: Electric 2WD Working height: 13.80 m Platform height: 11.80 m Platform extension: 0.90 m Fgodpfjyyt Smjx Afajg Platform dimensions (L x W): 2.19 m x 1.06 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 2.40 m x 1.19 m x 2.48 m Load capacity: 350 kg Total weight: 2,985 kg Gradeability: 25% Turning radius (outside): 2.58 m Travel speed: 1.0 - 3.2 km/h Tyres: solid rubber Tyre size: 16 x 5 x 12 Fully operational, general signs of use.

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2496288, Year of construction: 2020, load capacity: 227 kg, lifting height: 3,650 mm, fuel type: electric, overall weight: 864 kg, color: red, tire size: 12x4x8, platform length: 850 mm, platform width: 690 mm, transport length: 1,370 mm, transport width: 770 mm, transport height: 1,790 mm, Equipment: UVV, Technical data Year of manufacture: 2020 Working height: 5.65 m Platform height: 3.65 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 0.85 m x 0.69 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 1.37 m x 0.77 m x 1.79 m Load capacity: 227 kg Total weight: 864 kg Drive: DC power supply 24V Gradeability: 30% Turning radius (outside): 1.40 m Travel speed: 0.80 - 4.0 km/h Tyres: Solid rubber Fgodpfeyx Sttsx Afaeg UVV, fully functional, normal signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 2496018, Year of construction: 2019, load capacity: 227 kg, lifting height: 3,650 mm, fuel type: electric, overall weight: 864 kg, color: red, tire size: 12x4x8, platform length: 850 mm, platform width: 690 mm, transport length: 1,370 mm, transport width: 770 mm, transport height: 1,790 mm, Equipment: UVV, Technical Data Fedpfx Aoxg Amdjfasgg Year of manufacture: 2019 Working height: 5.65 m Platform height: 3.65 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 0.85 m x 0.69 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 1.37 m x 0.77 m x 1.79 m Payload capacity: 227 kg Total weight: 864 kg Drive: 24V DC power supply Gradeability: 30% Turning radius (outside): 1.40 m Travel speed: 0.80 - 4.0 km/h Tyres: solid rubber UVV safety inspection, fully functional, general signs of use

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: 2466448, power: 48 kW (65.26 HP), load capacity: 227 kg, lifting height: 9,000 mm, platform length: 1,170 mm, platform width: 760 mm, overall weight: 5,750 kg, transport length: 5,510 mm, transport width: 1,190 mm, transport height: 2,500 mm, fuel type: electric, tire size: 22 x 7 x 12, color: red, Technical data Year of manufacture: 2019 Engine: Electric, 48 kW Working height: 11.00 m Platform height: 9.00 m Up and over clearance height: 3.99 m Lateral outreach: 6.26 m Platform dimensions (L x W): 1.17 m x 0.76 m Overall dimensions (L x W x H): 5.51 m x 1.19 m x 1.98 m Platform rotation: 180° Basket arm length: 1.25 m Load capacity: 227 kg Weight: 5,750 kg Gradeability: 35% Travel speed: 0.64 – 4.8 km/h General signs of use, fully functional. Fodpfx Asyx S Tgsfaogg

Condition: used, functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2019, machine/vehicle number: 2473518, power: 35.3 kW (47.99 HP), load capacity: 227 kg, mast type: telescopic, lifting height: 14,100 mm, platform length: 1,830 mm, platform width: 760 mm, overall weight: 6,500 kg, transport length: 6,500 mm, transport width: 2,290 mm, transport height: 2,070 mm, fuel type: diesel, tire size: 12 x 16,5, color: red, Equipment: UVV, all wheel drive, differential lock, Technical specifications: Year of manufacture: 2019 Working height: 16.10 m Platform height: 14.10 m Platform dimensions (LxW): 1.83 x 0.76 m Load capacity: 227 kg Fgjdpjyx Tqasfx Afasg Total weight: 6500 kg Drive: Diesel 35.8 kW/48 HP Climbing ability: 45% Platform rotation: 170° Foam-filled off-road tires All-wheel drive, differential lock, overload sensors, safety inspection (UVV), fully functional, general signs of use